The first part of the zirconia oxygen sensor works
I. Introduction：
Zirconia oxygen sensor is the use of zirconium oxide ceramic sensor measuring various types of furnace or exhaust pipe of the oxygen potential, calculated by the principle of chemical equilibrium corresponds to the oxygen concentration, to monitor and control the combustion air likelihood ratio, to ensure product quality and exhaust emission standards of measurement devices, widely used in various types of coal combustion, oil burning, gas burning furnace atmosphere control. It is the best way to measure the combustion atmosphere has a simple structure, quick response, easy maintenance, easy to use, accurate measurement and so on. Atmosphere of the use of the sensor measurement and control both combustion stability and improve product quality and reduce the production cycle, saving energy。
Second, the oxygen sensor works：
Oxygen sensor is the use of stabilized zirconia ceramics at 650 ℃ in the environment above the oxygen ion conductive characteristics of the design. At a certain temperature conditions, if both sides of the zirconia ceramic gas block there are different oxygen partial pressure, respectively (ie, oxygen concentration), the zirconia ceramic interior will produce a series of reactions, and oxygen ions migration. Then both sides of the leads through the zirconia electrode can be measured to a stable millivolt signal, we call the oxygen potential. It is subject to the Nernst (Nernst) equation: where E is the oxygen sensor output of the oxygen potential (mv), Tk is the absolute temperature of the furnace (K), P1 and P2, respectively, on both sides of the zirconia oxygen gas . Practical application, it will pass into the zirconia side of the known gas the oxygen concentration (usually air), which we call the reference gas. The other side is the measured gas is that we want to test the atmosphere of the furnace, see Figure 1. Oxygen sensor output signal is the oxygen potential signal, through the Nernst equation we can get tested in the furnace atmosphere oxygen pressure and oxygen potential of the relationship. Reference gas is air, can be expressed as: where E is the oxygen sensor output oxygen potential; Tk is the absolute temperature of the furnace; P02 partial pressure of oxygen to the furnace. Our oxygen sensors with a self-heating device, the general temperature guarantee 700 ℃, so the basic value of TK is constant, which can be directly measured by the type baked in oxygen concentration. Engineering applications, the standard gas to calibrate the oxygen sensor output and oxygen partial pressure of oxygen potential E corresponding relationship between the concentration of PO2, this method is currently recognized as the most accurate and most direct calibration method。

The second part of the HMP series oxygen sensor
One. HMP basic structure of the oxygen sensor：
HMP oxygen sensor core components imported zirconia oxygen sensor (see Figure 2), the zirconia oxygen sensor comes with intelligent heating device to provide voltage control signal to quickly reach a constant temperature and ensure a constant temperature sensors in the continuous, steady work. Need to adjust the guide to install the sensor board direction, as far as possible to guide the direction of plate is on the air, so as to detect the formation of the gas from the atmosphere of diversion. Typical import zirconia oxygen sensor performance characteristics are as follows: Zero Error: ￡ ± 0.2mv; AC resistance (1500 Hz): (700 ℃) ￡ 100 kilohms; (1100 ℃) ￡ 5 kilohms. Response time (700-1300 ℃): ￡ 1 sec
II. HMP oxygen sensor sampling, maintenance of way：　　
HMP atmosphere of oxygen sensor way from the diversion, into the atmosphere to be detected, considering the environmental factor of the project site, design purge remove channels that can easily purge the sampling pipe to guide the work of the furnace or duct to prevent dust , coal ash, oil and impurities, and so blocked sampling tube, see Figure 3。
III. Technical performance：
Temperature: room temperature ~ 1100 ℃; oxygen potential display range: -50 ~ 1240mV; oxygen potential output accuracy: ± 0.5mV; Response time: ≤ 1 sec; normal life: ≥ 18 months。　　

The third part of the oxygen sensor installation
The installation is to ensure reasonable and reliable operation of the key oxygen sensor, and many are using the problems caused by improper installation of the oxygen sensor, and hope that the user must pay special attention to this point, install oxygen sensor oxygen sensors, please try to consider the installation requirements：
First, the sample measuring point：
Determine the measuring point is the primary task. Following several principles should be followed：
(1) choice of measurement points required to accurately reflect the furnace atmosphere needed to ensure the authenticity of the oxygen sensor output signal, try to avoid dead air return；
(2) measurement point is not too close to the burning point or nozzles and other parts, these parts in the violent reaction in the atmosphere will cause volatility in the value of the oxygen sensor detects the distortion; also not too close to the fans and other gas equipment, so as to avoid erosion damage to the motor's vibration sensor ；
(3) to avoid possible collisions on the location, to avoid the collision damage to the probe, to ensure the safety of the sensor；
II. Oxygen sensor installation, connection：
(1) HMP oxygen probe can be installed horizontally or vertically, the vertical installation is an ideal installation. Regardless of the manner in which the probe guides the direction of the sampling tube should be measured as being the direction of flow, when the initial installation process can be determined by understanding the basic direction. Good guide to determine the direction of the ultimate need to ohmic heating probe in the system after the rotation direction of the sampling tube, the use of digital multimeter observed output fluctuations in the oxygen potential determined。
(2) oxygen sensor connector is used to install special flange connection. If users have other types of connectors, as long as the installation of the same size, in line with the sealing requirements can also replace the connector. Dedicated connector on the oxygen sensor, according to requirements need to be equipped with asbestos pad crimp to ensure the seal, or because the furnace is generally negative, flanged joints where leakage will affect the measurement accuracy or cause signal fluctuations。
(3) Lead the oxygen sensor signal is best to use shielded cable, you can eliminate the interference. The best way is to use two 2-core cable, a 2-core shielded cable connected the oxygen potential output signal, a 2-core control cable connected KVV probe heating connector; if field conditions do not have direct access to a 4-core cable KVV Connect the oxygen sensor signal and the heating-side potential. Air plug welding foot as follows (see Figure 4): 1. Air probe heating control signal connection plug 1,2 feet, we have leads to red, yellow two colors, control line can be directly welded connection; 2. Probe output signal of the oxygen potential connection 3,4 feet, pay attention to the millivolt signal connections positive and negative, 4 feet of white wire is positive, pin 3 black wire is negative, the signal lines can also be directly connected with the pinout butt. (4) HMP oxygen probe of the standard air intake closed, when the general test, but when used in the calibration gas; purge air pump or compressed air inlet pipe connections, purge with a general population intake valve control solenoid valve, a certain Open cycle time, purge gas through the sampling tube into the probe correctly detected the valve closed, no other gases into the sampling tube. Note that in this particular, the use of compressed air blowing factory must ensure that the probe does not contain moisture in compressed air, compressed air that is used in air-water separation process must be carried out。
　
The fourth part of the HMP use and maintenance of the oxygen sensor
One. Connect heating control：
Special Reminder: Only in the oxygen sensor heating control after the sensor is connected to work, cold state output is a random signal, does not represent any sense! HMP oxygen sensor heating control after the access, both at room temperature, the atmosphere of a normal test. The probe is generally zero at room temperature, heating the air by the probe after the measurement, this time with a digital multimeter to measure the value of the probe output mV, this value is the deviation of the probe's zero value in the display instrument is required to join the zero- position deviation to correct the oxygen concentration meter display。
II. Newly installed or replacement of Notes on the oxygen sensor：
Special note: the user when the newly installed or replacement of the oxygen sensor should be calibrated oxygen analyzer display of oxygen concentration. Not carry out the work, replace the sensor, the oxygen analyzer oxygen concentration may be the actual concentration of bias, thus affecting production。
Oxygen concentration in the principle and method of correction：
HMP oxygen sensor can directly measure the output is measured atmosphere of concentration and standard air deviation potential value, we call the oxygen potential, the potential value of the zero (ie, air measurements), the different probes initial output potential for bias, while the output potential output of oxygen concentration through the model transformation may exist when the error, so the oxygen analyzer in the calibration of the probe signal is very necessary amendments, otherwise shows the actual measured oxygen concentration and oxygen concentration in the atmosphere will there is a big discrepancy can not meet the needs of field production, control of production or even misleading。
Parameters can be modified to provide a theoretical reference value of the final schedule (the table is purely theoretical value, engineering should consider the deviation), corresponding to the measurement system engineering adjusted accordingly. Specific amendments generally through standard gas calibrations, method is to measure approved recognized standard gas through the standard air intake leads to probe, measure the time the output of oxygen potential and instrument displays oxygen concentration, instrument displays oxygen concentration should be the standard gas concentrations in the same, there instrument linear bias parameter is modified; standard measurement requires a minimum of three different standard gas calibration system, so that after three good system of linear calibration repeated amendments to ensure the system work。　　
III. The impact of dust on oxygen sensors and purge removal method：
As a long-line detection of oxygen sensor measurement devices, boilers and other equipment (especially coal burning stove or furnace burning powder, etc.) will plug the lead dust generated by gas sampling line, resulting in an atmosphere of measured values can not even measure the distortion of the atmosphere, at this time sampling tube must be regularly carried out in the dust blowing treatment, depending on the length of purge time determine the extent of fouling, this purge method requires oxygen analyzer with the appropriate function or maintenance of supporting the use of oxygen sensor device, if the user does not have these manual valve control device can be installed only compressed air or purge air pump into the air intake on a regular basis through the dust on the probe, but now must pay attention to the following：
(1) As in the purge process, the oxygen sensor oxygen potential drop, the minimum may be reduced to 1,2 mv, when testing the oxygen potential does not mean that the furnace atmosphere, this point must be noted；
(2) to ensure the flow of purge air to remove the fouling, the purge process can note that the oxygen potential oxygen sensor output value, if the oxygen potential value has not decreased, indicating that the air flow is too small, dust does not clean up, should be to adjust or check purge pipe may have been blocked purge pipe；
(3) Purge the mouth of the channel is directly connected with the furnace, and each time after the purge, purge hole should be blocked off valve, and prevent negative pressure air into the furnace, the detection of oxygen sensor；
Since the work of burned black in the field environment is more complex, prone to human errors. In order to improve the accuracy of the sensor detects carbon potential and life, reduce human error, suggest the best use of my company's oxygen sensor specifically designed for my company's HM-OS Series oxygen analysis system, the system can provide periodic purging instrument function, the control off the purge solenoid valve on a regular basis (for details, see the information or advice to our company)。
Special note: The quality of the oxygen sensor in the analysis should be regarded as a separate test components. The oxygen in the detection of potential oxygen sensor and oxygen sensor should be connected to all the wires disconnected, the number of tables with a high resistance output of the oxygen sensor to directly detect the oxygen potential. By detecting the oxygen potential, with the normal use of the numerical comparison。

IV. Oxygen sensor within the warranty period to ensure normal work for you：
Oxygen sensor is a very sophisticated detection devices, and its core components for the ceramic, and a long line of work, proper use and careful maintenance of the oxygen sensor to ensure that work is necessary. Users should be strictly in accordance with the requirements of this manual installation, proper use and maintenance of the oxygen sensor. If the oxygen sensor fails, the user can not be resolved, please contact us immediately and we will work with you to analyze the reasons for failure, timely maintenance. Oxygen sensors prevent users from themselves apart, which will cause irreparable damage, and failure to make shelf-life。

Five. Oxygen sensor warranty：
The Company sells all of the oxygen sensor has one year warranty period, warranty conditions for the sensor we are to be maintenance free. The instructions for the user did not follow the requirements of the installation, use and maintenance and damage the sensor, the Company does not assume warranty obligations, paid only responsible for maintenance, as the case may receive maintenance costs。

For the following sensor fault, the Company will not be responsible for warranty：
1． Due to improper installation, neglect of maintenance or equipment failure, causing serious coke sensor can not be recovered through the normal burning of carbon black sensor。
2． Not installed in accordance with the requirements of specification, causing outer electrode tube deformation, corrosion of the sensor。
3． Due to inadequate protection, resulting in fracture of the internal ceramic tube sensor。
4． Users had to disassemble the sensor。
5． Other factors not in accordance with the instructions required to install, use or maintenance, and damage the sensor。
Special note: I have all the sensors send a specially designed protective packaging and reliable filling bumper, through the normal course of transportation, packaging intact cases, the sensor will not produce damage, the user must move the process To use the original packaging. When the user needs to send back the damaged sensor maintenance of the Company, please be sure to use my company's original box and the original sensor filled bumper, reliable, good packaging, do not use other packaging. Shipped by rail or air, please, do not shipped through the post office!
If the improper handling by the user, or repair the sensor packaging, shipped incorrectly, resulting in a new purchase or repair broken ceramic tube inside the sensor, we will not assume the obligations of the warranty for free！
Schedule: 700 ℃ mV when the oxygen concentration and oxygen (O2%) theory of the corresponding value：
O2% oxygen concentration in the number of oxygen mV mV mV the number of oxygen concentration in the number of O2% O2% O2% concentration of oxygen concentration in a few mV
1 19.97 51 1.83 101 0.168 151 0.0154
2 19.04 52 1.74 102 0.160 152 0.0146
3 18.15 53 1.66 103 0.152 153 0.0140
4 17.30 54 1.59 104 0.145 154 0.0133
5 16.50 55 1.51 105 0.138 155 0.0127
6 15.73 56 1.44 106 0.132 156 0.0121
7 14.99 57 1.37 107 0.126 157 0.0115
8 14.29 58 1.31 108 0.120 158 0.0110
9 13.63 59 1.25 109 0.114 159 0.0105
10 12.99 60 1.19 110 0.109 160 0.0100
11 12.38 61 1.13 111 0.104 161 0.0095
12 11.80 62 1.08 112 0.099 162 0.0091
13 11.25 63 1.03 113 0.094 163 0.0087
14 10.73 64 0.98 114 0.090 164 0.0083
15 10.23 65 0.94 115 0.086 165 0.0079
16 9.75 66 0.89 116 0.082 166 0.0075
17 9.30 67 0.85 117 0.078 167 0.0071
18 8.86 68 0.81 118 0.074 168 0.0068
19 8.45 69 0.77 119 0.071 169 0.0065
20 8.05 70 0.74 120 0.068 170 0.0062
21 7.68 71 0.70 121 0.064 171 0.0059
22 7.32 72 0.67 122 0.061 172 0.0056
23 6.98 73 0.64 123 0.059 173 0.0054
24 6.65 74 0.61 124 0.056 174 0.0051
25 6.34 75 0.58 125 0.053 175 0.0049
26 6.05 76 0.55 126 0.051 176 0.0046
27 5.76 77 0.53 127 0.048 177 0.0044
28 5.49 78 0.50 128 0.046 178 0.0042
29 5.24 79 0.48 129 0.044 179 0.0040
30 4.99 80 0.46 130 0.042 180 0.0038
31 4.76 81 0.44 131 0.040 181 0.0037
32 4.54 82 0.42 132 0.038 182 0.0035
33 4.33 83 0.40 133 0.036 183 0.0033
34 4.12 84 0.38 134 0.035 184 0.0032
35 3.93 85 0.36 135 0.033 185 0.0030
36 3.75 86 0.34 136 0.031 186 0.0029
37 3.57 87 0.33 137 0.030 187 0.0027
38 3.41 88 0.31 138 0.029 188 0.0026
39 3.25 89 0.30 139 0.027 189 0.0025
40 3.10 90 0.28 140 0.026 190 0.0024
41 2.95 91 0.27 141 0.025 191 0.0023
42 2.81 92 0.26 142 0.024 192 0.0022
43 2.68 93 0.25 143 0.023 193 0.0021
44 2.56 94 0.23 144 0.021 194 0.0020
45 2.44 95 0.22 145 0.020 195 0.0019
46 2.32 96 0.21 146 0.020 196 0.0018
47 2.22 97 0.20 147 0.019 197 0.0017
48 2.11 98 0.19 148 0.018 198 0.0016
49 2.01 99 0.18 149 0.017 199 0.0015
50 1.92 100